Mattar Law Firm, Beirut.

Joint Stock Company (Société Anonyme Libanaise – SAL) in Lebanon

The SAL (Société Anonyme Libanaise) is a joint-stock company governed by the Lebanese Commercial Code. It is ideal for medium to large-scale businesses, especially when foreign investors or external shareholders are involved. This structure allows for capital expansion, negotiable shares, and greater access to financing options.

Main Features of SAL

  • Shareholders: Minimum of 3 (can be Lebanese or foreign individuals/entities)
  • Minimum Capital: LBP 30,000,000 (~USD 20,000)
  • Capital Payment: 25% of capital must be deposited in a Lebanese bank upon formation
  • Board of Directors: 3–12 members (majority must be Lebanese nationals)
  • Auditor: Mandatory appointment of a licensed auditor
  • Shares: Freely negotiable and can be listed on the stock exchange

Advantages of SAL

  • Ideal for large or public companies seeking investment
  • Foreign ownership allowed (with minor limitations on board representation)
  • Limited liability for shareholders
  • Better corporate image and investor trust

Legal Formation Process

  1. Choose company name and verify its availability
  2. Draft Articles of Association and bylaws with a licensed attorney
  3. Deposit capital in a bank and obtain a certificate
  4. Notarize documents
  5. Register with the Commercial Registry
  6. Obtain tax ID and register with the Ministry of Finance

Mattar Law Firm provides complete assistance in forming SAL companies, including structuring, board member selection, and all legal formalities.

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